Use the ed25519 public key as the group session id.

Some clients expect the session id to be globally unique,
so allowing the end devices to pick the session id will cause
problems.

Include the current ratchet index with the initial keys, this decreases
the risk that the client will supply the wrong index causing problems.

Sign the initial keys with the ratchet ed25519 key, this reduces the
risk of a client claiming a session that they didn't create.

Prepare changelog for v1.2.0

Sign megolm messages

Add ed25519 keys to the inbound and outbound sessions, and use them to sign and
verify megolm messages.

We just stuff the ed25519 public key in alongside the megolm session key (and
add a version byte), to save adding more boilerplate to the JS/python/etc
layers.

Remove redundant args from some js funcs, and fix a comment typo

Convert ed25519 pickling functions to C

Fix error handling for group sessions

Fix a couple of places where we were using the wrong method to get the last
error.

... so that I can use them from the group session bits.

... because OSX doesn't support it.

Convert crypto.hh into C-compatible interface

OlmSession.has_received_message

Fix megolm decryption of UTF-8

Create new constants for key lengths, etc

Repeat the fix from b10f90d for megolm messages.

It turns out that the 'length' argument to 'Pointer_stringify' doesn't work if
the input includes characters >= 128.

Rather than try to figure out which methods can return UTF-8, and which always
return plain ascii, replace all uses of Pointer_stringify with a 'length'
argument with the version that expects a NULL-terminated input, and extend the
buffer by a byte to allow space for a null-terminator.

In the case of decrypt, we need to add the null ourself.

Fixes https://github.com/vector-im/vector-web/issues/2078.

I find myself wanting to know if an OlmSession is in the pre-key state or not,
to help debugging at the application level.

We were using olm::KEY_LENGTH for everything under the sun which happened to be
32 bytes long, and making a bunch of assumptions in the process. Create a bunch
of new constants (as C #defines rather than C++ consts so that I can use them
in another forthcoming refactor).

... to match the Makefile

pre-1.0.0 was broken too

Ed25519 private keys, it turns out, have 64 bytes, not 32.

We were previously generating only 32 bytes (which is all that is required to
generate the public key), and then using the public key as the upper 32 bytes
when generating the per-message session key. This meant that everything
appeared to work, but the security of the private key was severely compromised.

By way of fixes:

 * Use the correct algorithm for generating the Ed25519 private key, and store
   all 512 bits of it.

 * Update the account pickle format and refuse to load the old format (since we
   should consider it compromised).

 * Bump the library version, and add a function to retrieve the library
   version, so that applications can verify that they are linked against a
   fixed version of the library.

 * Remove the curve25519_{sign, verify} functions which were unused and of
   dubious quality.

It turns out that the 'length' argument to 'Pointer_stringify' doesn't work if
the input includes characters >= 128.

Rather than try to figure out which methods can return UTF-8, and which always
return plain ascii, replace all uses of Pointer_stringify with a 'length'
argument with the version that expects a NULL-terminated input, and extend the
buffer by a byte to allow space for a null-terminator.

In the case of decrypt, we need to add the null ourself.

Fixes https://github.com/vector-im/vector-web/issues/1719.

This makes the user able to use the familiar `make install` syntax, and
allows overriding of the default directories using the DESTDIR and
PREFIX variables, for example:
 make DESTDIR=packaging PREFIX=/usr install

This provides users of this library the guarantee that the ABI will
stay stable when MAJOR will reach 1, and will stay backwards compatible
for the entire duration of the 1.x.y branch.

It does require the maintainers to always update the version in the
Makefile at every ABI change.