Change interface to allow the app to get the private part of the
key and instantiate a decryption object from just the private part
of the key.

Changes the function generating a key from random bytes to be
initialising a key with a private key (because it's exactly the
same thing). Exports & imports private key parts as ArrayBuffer at
JS level rather than base64 assuming we are moving that way in
general.

...when generating a key in PkDecryption.

The pubkey is base64ed on the output, so will be longer.

Signed-off-by: Alexey Rusakov <ktirf@users.sf.net>

This disrupts building at least with Visual Studio.

Signed-off-by: Alexey Rusakov <ktirf@users.sf.net>

olm_import_inbound_group_session, which reads the format written by
olm_export_inbound_group_session to initialise a group session.

A pair of functions which allow you to export the megolm keys for an inbound
group session, so that an application can save/restore them.

make olm_pickle_* return the lengths of the base64-encoded pickles, rather than
the raw pickle. (From the application's POV, the format of the pickle is
opaque: it doesn't even know that it is base64-encoded. So returning the length
of the raw pickle is particularly unhelpful.)

All the other methods clear their random inputs. This one needs to do the same,
to reduce the risk of the randomness being used elsewhere and leaking key info.

Applications can use the index to detect replays of the same message.

Fixes a segfault when a group message had exactly the length of the mac +
signature.

Also tweak skipping of unknown tags to avoid an extra trip around the loop.

Some clients expect the session id to be globally unique,
so allowing the end devices to pick the session id will cause
problems.

Include the current ratchet index with the initial keys, this decreases
the risk that the client will supply the wrong index causing problems.

Sign the initial keys with the ratchet ed25519 key, this reduces the
risk of a client claiming a session that they didn't create.

Add ed25519 keys to the inbound and outbound sessions, and use them to sign and
verify megolm messages.

We just stuff the ed25519 public key in alongside the megolm session key (and
add a version byte), to save adding more boilerplate to the JS/python/etc
layers.

... so that I can use them from the group session bits.

I find myself wanting to know if an OlmSession is in the pre-key state or not,
to help debugging at the application level.

We were using olm::KEY_LENGTH for everything under the sun which happened to be
32 bytes long, and making a bunch of assumptions in the process. Create a bunch
of new constants (as C #defines rather than C++ consts so that I can use them
in another forthcoming refactor).

Ed25519 private keys, it turns out, have 64 bytes, not 32.

We were previously generating only 32 bytes (which is all that is required to
generate the public key), and then using the public key as the upper 32 bytes
when generating the per-message session key. This meant that everything
appeared to work, but the security of the private key was severely compromised.

By way of fixes:

 * Use the correct algorithm for generating the Ed25519 private key, and store
   all 512 bits of it.

 * Update the account pickle format and refuse to load the old format (since we
   should consider it compromised).

 * Bump the library version, and add a function to retrieve the library
   version, so that applications can verify that they are linked against a
   fixed version of the library.

 * Remove the curve25519_{sign, verify} functions which were unused and of
   dubious quality.

* write V1 pickles on the master branch
* the logging branch is going to write v0x80000001

Keeping track of the chain index is a useful thing to do, but is only required
if we've enabled diagnostics. Extend the session pickle format to make a space
for it, so that pickles can be transferred between the logging_enabled branch
and the master branch without loss of information.

Also add some tests for session pickling which explicitly check that we can
unpickle both formats of pickle.

This was introduced when I was experimenting with support for logging progress
in Olm. That is now relegated to the logging_enabled branch, so this should
probably be removed.

This also fixes the incompatibility of session pickles from the current master
branch with those from olm 0.1.0.

Putting the session_id inside the packed message body makes it hard to extract
so that we can decide which session to use. We don't think there is any
advantage to having thes sesion_id protected by the HMACs, so we're going to
move it to the JSON framing.

sha256.c and aes.c contain conflicting declarations, so we need to compile them
as separate units. This requires a bit more Makefile-shuffling; the build
directory now includes 'src' or 'lib' as appropriate, and we just mkdir -p
before each compilation.